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FIGURE 2. MPNs and the clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) from which they originate are both risk factors for venous thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, in turn, is the major substrate for arterial thrombosis. MPNs and systemic inflammation promote each other bi-directionally. Systemic inflammation itself, independent of MPNs, provokes venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Like the MPNs, other cancers and systemic inflammation promote each other bi-directionally.  CHIP is also associated with other cancers.